Philosophy of Science

  SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY  AND   HYPOTHESES Scientific inquiry refers to the diverse ways in which scientists study the natural world and propose explanations based on the evidence derived from their work. It has included the traditional science processes but also refers to the combining of these processes with scientific knowledge, critical thinking, and scientific reasoning to develop scientific knowledge. It is different from the scientific method. Scientific inquiry helps us think outside the box to understand the natural world.  And the hypothesis is a proposition made as a basis for reasoning, without any assumption of its truth. It must have the ability to identify a possible outcome of an experiment or observation that argues with predictions taken from the hypothesis. If not so, the hypothesis is not a meaningful one. SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Scientific inquiry has two primary functions. First, it provides a description of how scientific inquiry is conducted in practice. And secondly, it

  SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATION Science is the study of the natural world through observation and experiment. One of the goals of science is an explanation. Scientists explain to other scientists how a particular gene regulates a phenotype, how patterns in the luminance of a particular star indicate the presence of planets, how the sizes of the populations of two particular linked species vary with environmental changes. And also the place of our planet and sun among the stars, and the effects of ecology on our lives and livelihoods. We offer explanations to each other and to ourselves in our daily lives and in our various specialized fields.  But the importance of science and the differences between scientific practices and other practices have led many to consider scientific explanation as a topic of study in its own right. By understanding scientific explanation we may shed light on other forms of explanation, or on the distinction between science and non-science. These goals are important

  GENDER AND SEXUALITY We are surrounded by gender lore since we are children. Sex and gender are frequently used interchangeably, though they have different meanings. In this context, sex refers to the biological category of male or female, as defined by physical differences in genetic composition and in reproductive anatomy and function. Gender refers to the social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female, the relationships between women and men and girls and boys, and the relations between women and between men. In most societies there are differences and inequalities between women and men in decision-making opportunities, responsibilities assigned, activities undertaken, and access to and control over resources. Sexuality covers almost every aspect of our existence, from attitudes and values to feelings and experiences. It affects the individual, the family, the culture, the religion, spirituality, the laws, the professions, the institutions, science, an